唐卡（Thangka）是藏族文化中獨具特色的卷軸畫藝術，興起於松贊干布時期的吐蕃王朝，已有逾千年歷史。它通常以棉布或絲綢為底，完成後以織錦緞裝裱，方便游牧民族隨身攜帶、捲起與懸掛祈福。
唐卡的核心特色體現在三個方面：
- 宗教與百科全書性質**：題材以藏傳佛教為主，涵蓋佛菩薩像、壇城（曼荼羅）及本生故事，同時也記錄了藏醫藥學、天文曆法和歷史傳說，被譽為藏族的「百科全書」。
- 天然礦物顏料**：繪製採用金、銀、綠松石、青金石、硃砂等天然礦石與植物顏料，色澤鮮豔奪目，歷經數百年甚至千年依然不褪色。
- 嚴謹的造像度量**：畫師需嚴格遵循《造像度量經》的幾何比例與儀軌，結合起草、著色、勾線、開眼等繁複工序，往往耗時數月乃至數年才能完成一幅。
2006年，唐卡被列入首批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄，是中華民族珍貴的宗教與藝術瑰寶。
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Thangka is a distinctive traditional Tibetan scroll painting art that originated during the Tubo Kingdom under the reign of Songtsen Gampo, boasting a history of over a thousand years. Typically painted on cotton or silk and mounted on brocade, it was designed for nomadic lifestyles—easy to roll up, carry, and hang for prayer and veneration.
Its core characteristics are highlighted in three main aspects:
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Religious and Encyclopedic Nature: Centered primarily on Tibetan Buddhism, its subjects encompass Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, mandalas, and Jataka tales, while also documenting Tibetan medicine, astronomy, calendars, and historical legends—earning it the reputation as the “encyclopedia” of Tibetan culture.
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Natural Mineral Pigments: Artists use ground mineral and organic pigments—such as gold, silver, turquoise, lapis lazuli, and cinnabar—creating vibrant, luminous colors that remain vivid without fading for centuries or even millennia.
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Rigid Iconographic Proportions: Painters must strictly follow the precise geometric proportions and rituals specified in the Iconometric Sutra, completing intricate stages including drafting, coloring, outlining, and the final “eye-opening” consecration—a process that often takes months or even years to finish a single piece.
In 2006, Thangka was inscribed on the first list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, recognized as a treasured religious and artistic jewel of Chinese cultural heritage.
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